布氏哲罗鲑年龄与生长的初步研究

本文根据鳞片生长环纹的计数,并同鳞片、脊椎骨、鳃盖骨等上的年轮相对照,对4龄内的布氏哲罗娃的年龄与生长进行了研究。其结果摘要如下:(1)布氏哲罗鲑鳞片上的环纹随年龄而变化:每月长出二圈生长环线。鳞片上具有明显的“切割”年轮特征;脊椎骨、鳃盖骨上具有明带与暗带(线)形成的年龄特征。(2)布氏哲罗鲑在4龄内,体长在年龄上的回归方程为L=189.9468t+26.7934(r=0.991,df=35);体重年龄的回归方程为W=6.2451.e~(21219t)(r=0.978,df=35);鳞片半径与年龄的回归方程为R=0.7425t—0.1596(r=0.980,df=35);体重和体长的回归方程为W=6.7717357×10~(-6)L~(3.0740)(r=0.999,df=35);体长与鳞片半径的回归方程为L=251.0540R+71.2288(r=0.991,df=35)。(3)布氏哲罗鲑在4龄内,体长平均年增长为189.95mm;并随年龄增大而下降;生长常数、生长指标、肥满度系数等随年龄增大而增大。     

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Major Histocompatibility Complex Ⅰ Gene from Goose F1 of Fast-growth Lines

According to the multiple alignments identified major histocompatibility complex Ⅰ (MHC Ⅰ) gene conserved sequence registered in GenBank from the family ducks (Anatidae) anser waterfowl, a pairs of specific primers for the fragments of MHCⅠgene of goose F1 from fast-growth lines were designed and synthesized by Primer Premier 5.0. Using the genome DNA of goose F1 from fast-growth lines, the target gene fragment was obtained by PCR. To conduct sequencing of the fragments of MHCⅠgene of goose F1 from fast-growth lines and make sequence alignment and analysis of protein structure and function by bioinformatics, and research the characteristics of MHCⅠgene of goose F1 and the physicochemical properties of the protein. Bioinformatics was analyzed the nucleic acid data, deduced amino acid sequence and phylogenetic trees. The result of sequence analysis showed that the fragments of MHCⅠgene of goose F1 from fast-growth lines was 1036 bp in length, which coded 96 amino acids polyprotein. The homology were 93% and 83% with MHC Ⅰ gene and coding sequence of Wulong goose in NCBI respectively. There were 72 different bases sequence and 16 amino acids change. There also was higher homology with other poultry, and existed genetic relationship of Siji goose > chickens > ducks.The homology segment sequences corresponding to the fragments of MHCⅠ gene of goose F1 coded 96 amino acids protein, which molecular weight, PI, positively or negatively charged amino acid, estimated half-life, instability index, aliphatic index and average hydrophobicity were 11.342 ku, 5.32, 14, 17, 2.8 h, 34.92, 42.81, -1.066, respectively, and appeared 9 B cell epitopes, but contained no signal peptide. These results indicated that the protein for hydrophilic non-secreted proteins, had the high immunogenicity. In addition, The protein structure study indicated that alpha-helix, beta-sheet, beta-turn and random coil were 31.25%,16.67%, 14.58% and 37.50%, respectively. There existed amino terminal domain and carboxyl terminal domain in the tertiary structure. Therefore, MHC gene had significant difference between species and populations of individuals by the pathogen pressure in environment, and there were the interaction between polymorphism of MHC molecules and the diversity of antigenic peptide. MHC determined the differences of individual susceptibility to disease, and could be treated as a candidate gene for disease resistance.     

5个优质籼型不育系的选育策略及应用研究

对常德市1985年至2012年育成的5个籼型优质不育系的选育策略与应用情况进行了分析思考。地方优良品种基因的引入是杂交稻品质改良的关键;三系育种存在对抗性育种未予重视,遗传基础狭窄,常规育种效率低下等问题,提出了三系育种今后努力的方向,即加强生物技术与常规育种技术的结合,适当延长不育系的生育期,对不育系的性状进行形态改良。     

野生大豆回交导入系蛋白质含量性状的QTL分析

以野生型大豆ZYD00006（供体亲本）与黑龙江省主栽品种绥农14（轮回亲本）所构建的回交导入系（1204株）为研究材料,利用WinQTL2.5的复合区间作图法(CIM)在9个连锁群定位了16个与蛋白质含量相关的QTL（14个正效应,2个负效应）;导入系群体经过严格的蛋白质含量筛选鉴定,得到10个蛋白质含量性状明显大于轮回亲本的导入系株行。利用这10个高蛋白含量株行（选择群体）结合随机对照群体,通过基于遗传搭车原理的卡方分析,检测到分布于10个连锁群上的17个与大豆蛋白质含量相关的标记位点,对蛋白质含量表现为正效应。两种方法共同检测到7个QTL。这些材料和位点将为高蛋白含量相关基因克隆及分子辅助育种提供重要的材料基础和标记信息。     

不同大豆品系多点鉴定及抗旱性评价

为了评价大豆新品系的适应性、丰产性和抗旱性,2021年对20个大豆新品系在银川、张掖和庆阳3个生态区进行多点联合鉴定,分析其在不同环境下的生育期、产量、品质及抗旱性。结果表明,20个大豆新品系在庆阳试点均表现早熟,而在银川试点相对晚熟。折合产量在银川试点最高(4 284.69 kg/hm2),在庆阳试点最低(1 871.01 kg/hm2)。庆阳试点的蛋白质含量最高(405.0 g/kg),张掖试点的粗脂肪含量最高(208.3 g/kg)。其中,6个品系在成株期表现为极强或强抗旱性,加权抗旱系数与籽粒蛋白含量呈极显著正相关(γ=0.612 9,P=0.003 1),蛋白质含量与脂肪含量呈负相关。综合分析,陇豆655-2和陇豆609在不同生态区适应性和丰产性均好,但抗旱性较差,适合在灌区种植。     

花生抗锈病种质筛选及抗性QTL分析

锈病是影响花生产量和品质的主要真菌性病害。本研究以“中花10号× ICG 12625”构建的重组自交系群体（RIL）为材料,在武昌和阳逻两个环境中对其F₈群体进行锈病抗性鉴定,获得了8份抗锈病材料（QT0348、QT0368、QT0400、QT0402、QT0419、QT0458、QT0463和QT0485）。利用前期构建的遗传图谱进行QTL分析,检测到10个与锈病抗性相关的QTL,贡献率为4.54%~10.78%,分布于7条染色体上。其中,qBB06.1和qBB06.4为重复一致的QTL,贡献率为10.76%。根据侧翼标记在物理图谱进行比对,发现对应区段含有193个基因,其中178个基因被注释,功能注释基因中有1个NBS-R基因。本研究结果为花生抗锈病的遗传改良奠定了基础。     

不同基因型花生EMS诱变条件分析及突变系筛选

为明确不同基因型花生最佳甲基硫酸乙酯（EMS）诱变条件,以“四粒红”和“白沙1016”花生品种为材料,在0.30％、0.90％ EMS溶液中浸泡3、5、7和9h,进行发芽试验.结果表明：以致死量达到50％为标准,多粒型花生的最佳处理条件是0.90％ EMS溶液诱变7h,珍珠豆型花生则为0.90％ EMS溶液诱变9h,多粒型花生对EMS响应明显.在M3、M4代突变系中,多粒型筛选出YD35、YD3、和YD223个高产株系,最高增产565 kg/hm2,珍珠豆型筛选出YZ4 、YZ2和YZ13个高产株系,最高增产570 kg/hm2.     

玉米自交系辐3018的选育及其应用

为了创造更多更好的玉米基础材料,用60 Co-γ射线105Gy剂量照射国外杂交种干种子,用KL3回交后,采用常规育种方法选育出配合力高、抗病性强、早熟的玉米自交系辐3018,用其作亲本育成了龙辐玉7号、龙辐玉8号和龙辐玉9号等玉米杂交种。     

输气干线放空系统水力特性

高压输气干线放空管路内的介质属于非稳定流动,其水力计算不能采用一般站场管路适用的达西公式。为此,以Fano方程为基础,运用流体力学及输气管路流动基础理论进行程序编写,计算程序可实现对各时刻放空所对应的瞬时放空量、累计放空时间、截面压力及温度、储气量的求解。将程序计算结果与图解法计算结果进行对比,误差在2%以内,同时,程序计算法弥补了图解法仅能求得瞬时放空量而无法求得其他参数的缺陷。基于放空系统算例模型,对放空管路长度、管径、内壁粗糙度以及干线气体温度、压力等影响放空管路水力特性的主要因素进行分析,结果表明：放空管路长度和管径对放空系统影响较大,其他因素影响较小。以上研究可为输气干线放空管路系统设计提供参考依据。（图12,表2,参10）     

MINQUE法在评价马铃薯品种(系)抗旱性中的应用

采用MINQUE法对马铃薯品种（系）进行抗旱性评价,试验结果表明,株高、叶面积、商品率和产量均可作为马铃薯抗旱品种（系）筛选与鉴定的重要性状指标,在参试3个马铃薯品种（系）中,大西洋抗旱性较强,其次为IX）031-17,LK99抗旱性较弱。